Authors requesting manuscript withdrawal must submit the official withdrawal form through the corresponding author using the registered email address. For manuscripts with multiple authors, consent from all co-authors is required. Submission of a withdrawal request does not guarantee approval and is subject to Editorial Board review.
After approval, the manuscript/article will be removed from the journal database. However, due to the journal's open access policy, copies of published articles may remain available on third-party repositories, indexing platforms, or websites beyond the journal's control. The journal and publisher shall not be held responsible for such external availability.